Here we show how global histone deacetylation at the onset of mitosis induces a chromatin-intrinsic phase transition that endows chromosomes with the physical characteristics necessary for their precise movement during cell division. Although condensin confers mechanical resistance to spindle pulling forces 14, 15, 16, it is not known how histone deacetylation affects material properties and, as a consequence, segregation mechanics of mitotic chromosomes. Assembly of mitotic chromosomes involves DNA looping by condensin 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and chromatin compaction by global histone deacetylation 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Dividing eukaryotic cells package extremely long chromosomal DNA molecules into discrete bodies to enable microtubule-mediated transport of one genome copy to each of the newly forming daughter cells 1, 2, 3.
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